Knitting machine



Oct. 25, 1955 2,721,460

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l incem Lombardi United States Patent KNITTING MACHINE Vincent Lombardi,Miami, Fla.

Application April 25, 1952, Serial No. 284,313

26 Claims. (Cl. 66-50) This invention relates to knitting machines andto correlated inventions and discoveries appertaining thereto.

In embodying wrap yarns into a knitted fabric by wrap fingers whichfirst swing in one direction past a multiplicity of needles to feed yarnthereto and then swing in the opposite direction past these needles tofeed yarn thereto, the knitting of the yarn fed by the forward swing ofthe wrap-feed is relatively easily performed by an ordinary knittingcam, but the knitting of the yarn fed to the needles by the return swingof the wrap feed is beset with difficulties whenever the yarn is to beknit by a considerable number of needles. This is because, if anordinary stitch cam is employed, the needle nearest the yarn feed willknit first, and, once the yarn has been knit into the fabric at thispoint, the yarn can no longer be pulled out freely from the yarn feedfor the knitting of loops by successive needles. It is accordinglyimportant that the retractive or stitch portion of the knitting wave forthis yarn progress in the opposite direction to the retractive knittingwave for the forward or advance swing of the wrap feed, and in adirection opposite to that of the normal knitting waves.

I have heretofore proposed the provision of means providing certainsolutions of these difliculties, but there are many situations whereindemands for simplicity, compactness, and positiveness of operationrequire a special type of mechanism, and it is to the provision of suchmechanism that the present invention is directed.

With the foregoing and other considerations in view, the presentinvention contemplates the provision of simple and efiective means forimparting a retractive halfwave to knitting elements (e. g. needles,jacks, or sinkers), which half-wave moves in an opposite direction tothe normal waves, and, in the more specific aspects of the invention,moving in a direction opposite to that half-wave whereby the needles areadvanced to receive yarn for retraction. As exemplified, the inventionprovides camming means retractively sloped in the direction of thereturn movement of the wrap fingers and arranged to be moved generallyperpendicularly to the line of relative movement of the needle or sinkerbed and the normal camming means therefore to impart movement to theknitting elements one after another counting in said direction of returnmovement (i. e. a direction opposite to the order of action of thenormal cams on the knitting elements). Such cammingmeans may be spacedalong the needle cylinder or other bed similarly to the wrap fingers andarranged to be operative directly after the return movement of the wrapfingers.

While the invention is exemplified in connection with a stationarycylinder machine as comprising retractive cam means moving in theopposite direction to a rotating cam ring, it will be appreciated thatthe invention is not limited thereto and that it is capable ofembodiment in a wide variety of types of knitting machines regardless ofwhether it is a cam ring or a cylinder or dial that rotates.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of 2,721,460 PatentedOct. 25, 1955 construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement ofparts, which will be exemplified in the constructions hereinafter setforth and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in theclaims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention,reference should be had to the following detailed description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view thru one side of the needlecylinder of a machine embodying one form of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side view of a portion of the mechanism shown inFigs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a top view of the sinker bed of a machine embodying anotherform of the invention;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view looking down on the sinker jack with thewidth of the slot and the jack exaggerated;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary showing of an alternative form ofpusher cam;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view along the line 8-8 of Fig. 4;

Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 are views similar to Fig. 5 showing the parts inother positions; and

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another form of machineembodying the invention.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 1 showing a modification;

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary top view thereof.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 1 showing anothermodification.

Fig. 17 is a similar view showing still another modification; and

Fig. 18 is a similar view showing a further modification.

' In the form of construction exemplified in Figs. 1 and 2, there isprovided a needle cylinder 5 formed with slots 6 in which there areslidably mounted needles 7 formed in the present instance with latches8. Needle actuating means including earns 10 operative on butts 11 arecarried on a cam ring 12. The cylinder 5 and the cam ring 12 are mountedfor relative rotative movement. In the present instance the cylinder isstationary and the cam ring movable, but the invention in its broaderaspects is not limited to arrangements wherein a particular one of thesemembers is the member which actually moves.

. Yarn-feeding means including, in the present instance, a main yarnfeed 15 and wrap feeds 16 are provided. The wrap feeds are arranged tobe operated, as by mechanisms such as shown in my Patent 2,373,126, tobe swung from the position shown in full lines inside the cylinder,outwardly across the line of needles, past a group of needles, and backacross the line of needles in a forward direction (i. e. the directionof movement of the cam ring in the present instance) to feed yarn toselected ones of the needles which may have been elevated prior to theswing of the wrap feed; and thereafter to be swung in a reversedirection over the same course to feed yarn to all or selected ones ofthe needles of said group. Mechanism such as exemplified in my Patents2,231,672, 2,231,673, 2,373,126, 1,797,006, or my application Serial No.82,460, filed March 19, 1949, now Patent No. 2,626,513 may be employedfor selecting the needles for advancement prior to a swing of the wrapfeed in a for ward direction and again prior to a swing of the wrap feedin a forward direction and again prior to the swing of the wrap feed inthe reverse direction, and the selected needles may be advanced at thesetimes by advancing cams carried on the cam ring 12. Cams such as shownat 10 may be employed to retract the needles after the wing of the wrapfeed in the forward direction. In order, however,

to retract the needles one by one, counting in a reverse direction,means such as contemplated by the present invention are provided. Inaddition to the butts 11, the needles in the present instance are formedwith butts 18 in connection with each of which there is provided an arm20 pivoted on one of a series of shafts 21 which extend about themachine tangentially to a circle concentric with the needle cylinder.When a needle is raised, the inner end 22 of its pivoted arm 20 israised by the butt 18 of the needle and the arm swung in acounter-clockwise direction (Fig. 1). In order to lower the ends 22there is provided a cam wheel 25 comprising a shaft 26 carryingindividual sector-like cams 27 for the arms 20. The operative surfacesof the earns 27 are tangent to a spiral, the nearest cam (Fig. 1) havingthe lowest surface, so that the cams, as the Wheel 25 rotates in aclockwise direction, instead of operating first on the more remote ofthe needles and then on the nearer of the needles in the manner of cam10, will operate first on the nearer needles and later on the moreremote needles one by one to set up a half-wave which moves in adirection which the reverse of the direction of the movement of thehalf-wave set up by the cam 10. As the wheel 25 rotates in a clockwisedirection, the tip 28 of the nearest cam will operate on the nearest ofthe arms 20 to retract the nearest needle 7, and thereafter the point 28of the next cam will contact the next arm to retract the next needle sothat several needles will be undergoing retraction simultaneously withthe nearest of these needles further retracted than the more remote ofthem, and that the retraction of the nearest needle will be completelong before the retraction of the most remote of these needles occurs.In this way the yarn will first be retracted by the needle of the groupwhich is furthest from the point where the wrap feed last crossed theline of needles, so that the needles which are closest to this pointwill not interfere with the free flow of yarn to the needles beingretracted as would be the case if a cam such as the cam 10 had been usedin the retraction of the needles.

In order to rotate the cam wheel 25 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 1)there is provided in the present instance a pawl 34) operating on aratchet 31 on the wheel 25. The pawl is carried from an arm 32 to whicha reciprocal movement against the tension of a spring 35 is imparted bythe movement of a cam on roller 36 along a serrated lower surface 37 ofa plate 38 traveling with the cam ring.

Mechanisms such as contemplated by the invention may be used to operatesinkers either in a machine wherein the needles are operated as abovedescribed or in a machine in which they are operated in the usualmanner. In the present instance sinkers 40 are provided in the slots 41of a sinker bed 42. These sinkers are provided with butts 43 adapted tobe operated, prior to a swing of a wrap feed in either direction andafter the swing of the wrap feed in a forward direction, by cams, one ofwhich is exemplified at 44, which are carried by a sinker cam ring 45.In order to act on the sinkers in a reverse direction to set up a halfwave moving reversely to the normal forward waves and half-wavesimparted to the sinkers, there is provided in the present instance anarrangement including sinker jacks 46 lying in the slots 41 and arrangedfor both sliding and rocking movement. On the sinker cam ring there ismounted a jack-positioning cam 47 having a raising surface 48.

The jacks will move outwardly with their respective sinkers. In order tomove the jacks and the sinkers inwardly, pusher earns 50 are carried onthe sinker bed. Some of them have long butts 51 and some have shortbutts 52. In order to move the long-butt pusher cams inwardly, there areprovided on the sinker cam ring highlevel operating cams 53, and, inorder to move the shortbutt pusher cams inwardly, the cams 53 arefollowed by low-level operating earns 54. Low-level operating cams 55are provided for moving all the pusher cams outwardly.

The pusher cams are mounted for sliding movement by means of studs 56mounted on the sinker bed and extending thru slots 57 in the cams. Thepusher earns 50 are formed with surfaces 58 which slant in a directionaway from the direction of movement of the sinker cam ring, so that, asthey are moved inward by the traveling earns 53 and 54, they willcontact the sinker jacks in a reverse order from a cam moving on thesinker cam ring, contacting first the nearest (Fig. 5) jack of a groupand then the jack beyond it so that the jack and sinkers will beadvanced, as shown in Fig. 10, in a reverse order from the normaladvancement of the sinkers, with only a few sinkers being moved inwardat any moment, to prevent undue binding of the yarn. By means ofmechanism such as described below, the forward movement of the jacks isterminated at a point such that all the jacks contacted by a pusher cam50 will be advanced an equal amount whether first contacted by theinward portion of a surface 58 or later contacted by an outward portionthereof. This mechanism comprises a cam surface 59 on the jacks and acomplementary cam member 60 carried, in the present instance, on thesinker bed inwardly thereof a distance equal to the distance of travelof the sinkers. As soon as surface 59 of a jack contacts the cam member60, the jack will be rocked downwardly out of the path of the pusher cam50 so that its continuing movement will no longer affect that jack.

As will be seen, alternate cams 50 will be thrust forward to operativeposition where they will move the jacks inwardly as the cams 53 rotatewith the sinker cam ring, and after they have operated on half of agroup of jacks (in the present instance the group correspondssubstantially to the extent of a wrap feed swing) the intermediate cams50 will be thrust forward by the cams 54 to complete the reverseoperation of the sinkers of the group. In this manner, a uniformoperation of all the jacks in a reverse direction is assured.

As will be seen in Fig. 6, the jacks 46 are bowed slightly so as to befrictionally held in whatever position they are moved to within the slot41, to counteract a push by the yarn thru the sinkers.

In the operation of the machine, after the needles have been retractedto the position of Fig. 9, the jacks 46 will be raised by thepositioning cam 47 to the position shown in Fig. 9, whereupon a cam 50can thrust them inwardly as shown in Fig. 10, the sinkers being carriedinwardly with the jacks.

If desired, the pusher cams may be formed with stepped instead ofdiagonal operative surfaces, as shown on the cam 50a of Fig. 7.

In Fig. 13 there is shown an arrangement wherein pusher cams of thecharacter shown in Figs. 4-12 are used for the operation of the needles.In this figure the various parts already described are indicated bysimilar reference numbers distinguished by the letter b. The sinkers 40bare operated by a standard cam groove 61 in the sinker cam ring 45b, andthe jacks 46b operate on vertically extending arms 64 of bell cranklevers 65 which are pivoted at 66, and the arms 67 of which arepositioned to depress butts 18 on needles 7b. The operation of the jacks46b is in all respects similar to the operation of the jacks 46, and theoperation of the arms 67 on the needles 7b is in all respects similar tothe operation of the arms 20 on the needles 7.

Among the objects of the invention is the provision of improved patterndrum constructions. As will be seen from Fig. 1, the shaft 26 is formedwith a groove 68 and each cam plate 27 is formed with a matingprotuberance 69. The groove 68 extends spirally along the surface of theshaft as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2, so that the cam plates 27can be slid on the shaft one-byone and be brought automatically intoposition as they move along the shaft.

In many instances it is desirable that the amount of movement impartedto the knitting elements by a camming element such as shown at 25 inFig. 1 be varied from time to time. For instance, it is sometimesdesirable that the needles knit longer loops at one time than at anotheror that the sinkers draw longer sinker loops at one time than atanother. With such considerations in view, there is exemplified in Figs.14 and 15 an arrangement whereby a camming element 25 as exemplified inFigs. 1 and 2 may be made to operate to a greater or less extent onpivoted arms to impart greater or less retractive movements to knittingelements such as the needles 7. As exemplified, the shaft 26 of thecamming element is mounted on brackets 70 which are themselves pivotallymounted at 71 pursuant to the setting of a set-screw 72 on one of thebrackets. The set-screw extends into a slot 73 in a scale 74 traversedby a pointer 74' on the bracket. When the brackets 70 have been swung toraise the shaft 26, the cam plates 27 will depress the arms 20 andretract the needles 7 a lesser amount; and, when the brackets 70 havebeen swung to lower the shaft 26, the camming plates 27 will depress thearms 20 and retract the needles 7 a greater amount.

In certain instances it may be desirable to provide a camming drum whichwill move one knitting element a different distance from the amount thatanother knitting element is moved. One arrangement adapted to effectthis result is exemplified in Fig. 16 wherein a camming element 25e hasmounted thereon cam plates 27:: certain spaced ones of which have camportions 75 similar to the cam portions of the cam plates 27, and othersof which have cam portions 75e which are somewhat shorter so as to havea lesser retractive action upon the needles.

In certain instances it is desirable that a single camming element beutilized to actuate knitting elements (e. g. to retract the same)one-after-another counting in one (e. g. forward) direction andthereafter to actuate the same knitting elements one-after-anothercounting in the other (e. g. return) direction. In Fig. 17 there isexemplified an arrangement comprising a camming drum 25f having a shaft26 on which are mounted camming plates 27 The plates 27f have cammingportions 75 arranged similarly to the camming portions on the plates 27and operative similarly on arms 20 to exert a retractive action on thebutts 18 of needles 7 in a reverse order. The cam plates 27 have, in thepresent instance, cam portions 76 which act upon the arms 20 prior tothe operation of the cam portions 75 in each rotation (as shown in Fig.17 they have already acted) in a normal (forward) order. Thus, as thecamming member 25 rotates, the cam portion 76 of the cam plate at therear of the figure will operate on its pivoted arm 20. The one next tothe rear will then act, and so on until the one in the front of thefigure has acted, so as to retract the needles one-by-one counting in aforward direction, asfor knitting the yarn fed by a forward swing of thewrap feed. There will thereupon ensue a space wherein none of the camplates is acting, during which the needles or selected ones thereof maybe advanced. Thereupon the cam portion 75] of the cam plate which is atthe front of the figure will act on its pivoted arm 20, then the onebehind it will act on its arm, and so on until the one at the rear ofthe figure has acted, so that the operation will be performed in areverse order as for knitting yarn fed to the needles by the returnmovement of a yarn feed.

In Fig. 18 there is shown a similar arrangement wherein the cammingmember 25g is arranged to operate on a greater number of pivoted arms20, but wherein less space is allowed between a forward and a returnoperation. In this case, the pivoted arms 20g are formed with humps 77to facilitate the operation of the cam portions. Each of the cam platesis formed with a forward cam portion 76g as well as with a reverse camportion 75g. As in the case of the construction in Fig. 17, the camportions 75g and 76g are closest together in the cam plate at the frontof the figure and furthest apart (on the basis 6 of an are extendingabout the bottom of the drum) in the cam plate at the rear of thefigure.

Since certain changes may be made in the above construction anddifferent embodiments of the invention could be made without departingfrom the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in theabove description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall beinterpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. A circular knitting machine comprising a bed, knitting elements onsaid bed, wrap feeding means, means to swing said wrap feeding means inone direction, means thereafter to swing said wrap feeding means in theopposite direction, actuating means, said bed and said ac tuating meansbeing mounted for relative rotation, means forming a unit with saidactuating means in said relative movement to advance at least certain ofsaid knitting elements one after another counting in said one directionprior to swinging movements of said wrap feeding means in said onedirection and prior to swinging movements of said wrap feeding means insaid opposite direction, and to retract at least certain of saidknitting elements one after another counting in said one direction afteran operation of said wrap feeding means in said one direction, mountingmeans forming a unit with said bed in said relative movement, and meansfor retracting at least certain of said knitting elements one afteranother counting in said opposite direction to participate in a knittingoperation after an operation of said wrap feeding means in sad oppositedirection and comprising camming means carried by said mounting meansand movable generally perpendicularly to the line of said relativemovement.

2. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said camming meanscomprises camming members having a reciprocable movement and whereinmeans forming a unit with said actuating means in said relative movementare provided for imparting such movement thereto.

3. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 whereinsaid camming meanscomprises camming elements having a rotary movement and wherein meansforming a unit with said actuating means in said relative movement areprovided for imparting said movement thereto.

4. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said knittingelements are elongated and wherein said cam means are movable in thedirection of the length of said knitting elements.

5. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said knittingelements are elongated and wherein said cam means are movable generallyperpendicularly to the direction of the length of said knittingelements.

6. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said camming meansare movable slidably.

7. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said camming meansare movable rotatably.

8. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said knittingelements are needles and said wrap feeds are arranged to feed yarnthereto.

9. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said knittingelements are jacks associated with needles to which said wrap feeds arearranged to feed yarn.

10. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said knittingelements are sinkers.

11. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein there are alsoprovided main yarn feeding means forming a unit with said actuatingmeans in said relative movement.

12. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein there areprovided a plurality of the wrap feeds and a plurality of sets ofcamming means, and wherein each set of camming means is operable afterthe movement in said opposite direction of a respective one of the wrapfeeds.

13. A circular knitting machine comprising a bed, knitting elements onsaid bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, said actuatingmeans and said knitting elements being mounted for relative rotativemovement,

yarn-feeding means, supporting means forming a unit with said bed insaid relative movement, actuators individual to at least certain of saidknitting elements and carried by said supporting means, a drum carriedby said supporting means, spiral means on said drum for operatingcertain of said actuators one after another in the reverse order to thatin which the knitting elements are actuated by said actuating means, andmeans forming part of said actuating means to rotate said drum.

14. A circular knitting machine comprising a bed, knitting elements onsaid bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, said actuatingmeans and said knitting elements being mounted for relative rotativemovement, yarn-feeding means, supporting means forming a unit with saidbed in said relative movement, actuators individual to at least certainof said knitting elements and carried by said supporting means, a drumcarried by said supporting means, spiral means on said drum foroperating certain of said actuators one after another in the same orderas that in which the knitting elements are operated by said actuatingmeans, and means forming part of said actuating means to rotate saiddrum.

15. A circular knitting machine comprising a bed, knit ting elements onsaid bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, said actuatingmeans and said knitting elements being mounted for relative rotativemovement, yarn-feeding means, supporting means forming a unit with saidbed in said relative movement, actuators individual to at least certainof said knitting elements and carried by said supporting means, a drumcarried by said supporting means, and spiral means on said drum foroperating certain of said actuators one after another in first the sameorder as and thereafter in the reverse order to that in which theknitting elements are operated by said actuating means.

16. A circular knitting machine comprising a bed, knitting elements onsaid bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, said actuatingmeans and said knitting elements being mounted for relative rotativemovement, yarn-feeding means, supporting means forming a unit with saidbed in said relative movement, actuators individual to at least certainof said knitting elements and carried by said supporting means, a drumcarried by said supporting means, and means for transversely shiftingthe axis of said drum to vary the distance of effective movement of saidknitting elements.

17. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 16 wherein the knittingelements are needles and the shifting of the axis of the drum varies thelength of loops knitted thereby.

18. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 16 wherein there areprovided indicating means showing the amount of shift.

19. A circular knitting machine comprising a circular bed, knittingelements on said bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, saidactuating means and said knitting elements being mounted for relativerotative movement, and a pattern drum connected with said bed andcomprising a shaft a plurality of cam plates mounted thereon, successiveones of at least certain of said cam plates having cam portions arrangedslightly behind each other in a clockwise direction as viewed from oneend of the drum, and means forming part of said actuating means torotate said drum.

20. A circular knitting machine comprising a circular bed, knittingelements on said bed, actuating means for said knitting elements, saidactuating means and said knitting elements being mounted for relativerotative movement, and a pattern drum connected with said bed andcomprising a shaft a plurality of cam plates mounted thereon, successiveones of at least certain of said cam plates having cam portions arrangedslightly behind each other in a clockwise direction as viewed from oneend of the drum and at least certain others of said cam plates havingcam portions arranged slightly ahead of each other in a clockwisedirection as viewed from said end of the drum, and means forming part ofsaid actuating means to rotate said drum.

21. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 19 wherein the shaft isformed with a spiral path and wherein the interior of said plates areshaped so as to be guided by said path as they are slid over said shaftone after another.

22. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 19 wherein said drumcomprises a shaft on which a plurality of plates are mounted and whereinsuccessive ones of at least certain of said plates have cam portionsarranged slightly behind each other in the direction of drum rotation asviewed from said end of the drum.

23. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 19 Wherein said drumcomprises a shaft on which a plurality of are mounted and whereinsuccessive ones of at least certain of said plates have cam portionsarranged slightly ahead of each other in the direction of drum r0-tatie-n as viewed from said end of the drum.

24. A circular knitting machine comprising a series of knittingelements, means for individually actuating said knitting elements, saidmeans comprising a drum having a plurality of actuating cam portionsindividual to said knitting elements, certain spaced ones of said camportions having a greater elfective extent than other spaced ones ofsaid cam portions whereby certain of said knitting elements are moved agreater distance than other of said knittin elements.

25. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein, said cammingmeans is arranged to retract certain spaced ones of said knittingelements a greater distance than other spaced ones of said knittingelements.

26. A circular knitting machine comprising a row of needles, a wrap-feedarranged to feed yarn to a group of said needles first in one directionand then in the other direction, means to advance at least amultiplicity of the needles of said group for reception of yarn as it isfed in said one direction, means to retract the advanced needles oneafter another counting in said one direction to knit the yarn thus fedin said one direction, means to advance at least a multiplicity of theneedles of said group to receive yarn as it is fed in said otherdirection, and means to retract the advanced needles one after anothercounting in said other direction to knit the yarn thus fed in said otherdirection.

References (Iited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

